Atlas combines an intoxicating blend of high-tech science, engineering, refinement in 3D measurements.
The FEMTOSmart series is the next step in classical two-photon microscopy at Femtonics, fully customizable two-photon microscopes.
for behaving animals
/Compatible with FEMTO3D Atlas/
Enhance your in vivo measurements effortlessly with the Femtonics FocusPinner, which offers Real-Time Motion Correction along X,Y and Z (axial) direction, effectively eliminating motion artifacts.
Neuroscience relies more heavily on in vivo measurements of neuronal activity to study cognition, memory, CNS diseases, behaviour, neurochemistry, and many other aspects of the field. One of the bottlenecks of in vivo functional measurements is motion artifacts caused by the movement of the animal, respiration, circulation, or any of the numerous other sources. Here we offer a real-time solution for in vivo motion correction which eliminates artifacts caused by heartbeat, breathing or physical activity at over 100 kHz speed allowing calcium and voltage imaging from spines, dendrites, axons and somata with high resolution.
for high-precision experiments
/Compatible with most microscope systems/
The FemtoStage is a high-quality motorized XY stage, with a flexible sample holder. It can move the sample in your microscope with high precision, more than enough for any experimental needs. Multiple configurations are available, and it can be further customized for the specific needs of the user. It is suitable for both in vivo and in vitro experiments, with many neurobiological applications. This includes, but is not limited to patch-clamping, complex behavior experiments, network imaging, voltage imaging, and reward learning experiments.
for flexible photostimulation
/Compatible with FEMTO3D Atlas/
The Dichro option of the ATLAS product line allows you to use two independent laser sources with two different wavelengths in the same ATLAS scanhead. Since the acousto-optic deflection depends on the wavelength of light, different driving of the acousto-optic crystals selects only one of the input beams to pass through the scanhead. As a result, the user is able to select for each approximately 30 us long AO cycle, which input beam to focus within the 3D space of the sample. In-depth protocol editor and MultiPulse generator windows let you control imaging and photo-stimulation down to the finest details.
for uncaging and optogenetics
/Compatible with FEMTOSmart/
The optomechanical design of the light path enables us to direct more beams into the microscope, utilizing the same light path. We offer secondary, fine-tuned laser sources for a wide range of biophotonics applications. See more: Optogenetics, Uncaging.
for cultured cells or acute brain slices
/Compatible with FEMTO3D Atlas and FEMTOSmart/
Imaging acute brain slices or cultured cells and tissues enables the user to study cells in a controlled environment, outside of a living organism. Gradient contrast illumination eases camera guided patch-clamping while transmitted fluorescence detectors enhance signal collection and SNR.
Features:
Benefits:
for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
/Compatible with FEMTOSmart/
Time correlated single photon counting and the derived fluorescence lifetime imaging measures the time delay between each emitted photon and the laser pulse eliciting it. This time is not affected by fluorophore concentration and excitation intensity fluctuations, however provides intimate information about molecular interactions and dynamics. See more: Applications – FLIM.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging reveals regulation of presynaptic Ca2+ by glutamate uptake and mGluRs, but not somatic voltage in cortical neurons. Olga Tyurikova, Kaiyu Zheng, Elizabeth Nicholson, Yulia Timofeeva, Alexey Semyanov, Kirill Volynski, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Journal of Neurochemistry (2020)
Local Resting Ca2+ Controls the Scale of Astroglial Ca2+ Signals. Claire M. King, Kirsten Bohmbach, Daniel Minge, Andrea Delekate, Kaiyu Zheng, James Reynolds, Cordula Rakers, Andre Zeug, Gabor C. Petzold, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Christian Henneberger, Cell Reports (2020)
Multiplex imaging relates quantal glutamate release to presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis at multiple synapses in situ. Thomas P. Jensen, Kaiyu Zheng, Nicholas Cole, Jonathan S. Marvin, Loren L. Looger, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Nature Communications (2019)
Polymer microchamber arrays for geometry-controlled drug release: a functional study in human cells of neuronal phenotype. Olga Kopach, Kayiu Zheng, Olga A. Sindeeva, Meiyu Gai, Gleb B. Sukhorukov, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Biomaterials Science (2019)
Glutamate Imaging Reveals Multiple Sites of Stochastic Release in the CA3 Giant Mossy Fiber Boutons. Sylvain Rama, Thomas P. Jensen, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Front. Cell. Neurosci. (2019)
A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for in vivo imaging of GABA. Jonathan S. Marvin, Yoshiteru Shimoda, Vincent Magloire, Marco Leite, Takashi Kawashima, Thomas P. Jensen, Ilya Kolb, Erika L. Knott, Ondrej Novak, Kaspar Podgorski, Nancy J. Leidenheimer, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Misha B. Ahrens, Dimitri M. Kullmann & Loren L. Looger, Nature Methods (2019)
Monitoring intracellular nanomolar calcium using fluorescence lifetime imaging. Kaiyu Zheng, Thomas P Jensen & Dmitri A Rusakov, Nature Protocols (2018)
Monitoring single-synapse glutamate release and presynaptic calcium concentration in organised brain tissue. Jensen TP, Zheng K, Tyurikova O, Reynolds JP, Rusakov DA, Cell Calcium (2017)
Time-Resolved Imaging Reveals Heterogeneous Landscapes of Nanomolar Ca2+ in Neurons and Astroglia. Kaiyu Zheng, Lucie Bard, James P. Reynolds, Claire King, Thomas P. Jensen, Alexander V. Gourine, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Neuron (2015)
for multicolor full-field illumination
/Compatible with FEMTOSmart/
Wavelength-specific full-field excitation is performed by powerful LED light sources built in a rotating unit above the objective. Fluorescent imaging can be achieved with a wide variety of scientific cameras.
for coarse Z movement
/Compatible with FEMTOSmart/
The Bridge structure is a lifting apparatus for FemtoSmart which can replace the foot. It provides extreme freedom in positioning of the body and an increased space under the objective.
for fast Z-stack and 3D imaging
/Compatible with FEMTOSmart/
A Piezo objective positioner kit enables the microscope to change the focal point by mechanically moving the objective. With this module, the microscope is able to collect signals from different depths fast enough to resolve biological activity in 3D samples. We can equip most of our microscopes with two types of piezo: piezo specialized for large scanning volumes moves the objective in a 400 µm travel range with up to 30 Hz speed, and the faster one moves it in 100 µm volume with up to 100 Hz (the refresh rate depends on the scanning volume and the size of the objective).
for free rotation of the objective
/Compatible with FEMTOSmart/
The motorized tilting module rotates the objective, giving a higher level of freedom to reach the sample from different angles. The module also includes a Piezo objective positioner, ensuring additional movement of the objective in the Z direction.
Novel surgical methods utilizing grin lenses or miniature prisms allow optical investigation of deep structures within the brain. Implementing these technologies is greatly enhanced by our motorized tilting objective:
for three-photon excitation
/Compatible with FEMTOSmart/
Three-photon (3P) microscopy is a powerful technique that allows for the noninvasive structural and functional imaging of deep tissues with higher axial resolution compared to two-photon excitation. 3P excitation is performed at longer excitation wavelengths which scatter less in biological tissues. (See more at 3P imaging.) This extends the penetration depth, reduces out-of-focus excitation, and increases the SNR.
The figure shows spontaneous neuronal activity in the GCaMP6f-labeled visual cortex of a mouse captured using 3P microscopy: the cells were excited using a 1300 / 1400 nm laser wavelength for 3P excitation.
The 3P range microscopy kit contains:
for full-field photostimulation
/Compatible with FEMTO3D Atlas and FEMTOSmart/
Full-field illumination using a selected LED source allows molecules and cells to be stimulated over the whole FOV homogeneously. Combine this module with gated detectors to achieve millisecond switching between stimulation and imaging.
See more at Optogenetics
for vessel pattern visualization
/Compatible with FEMTO3D Atlas and FEMTOSmart/
Green illumination from an LED light source allows high-contrast visualization of blood vessels, taking advantage of that the highly concentrated heme content of the red blood cells is excitable in the spectral region of 300-650 nm. Using green illumination helps to navigate on the surface of any organs under in vivo conditions and position a patch pipette for bulk loading or patch clamping.
for high-precision experiments
/Compatible with FEMTO3D Atlas/
Beam stability is of the utmost importance, when it comes to accuracy in any imaging system. This is why we developed the 4DBCU (4D Beam Conditioning Unit), to efficiently deal with stabilization problems, and control the beam in an elegant and effective manner. This is a very efficient optional module for the FEMTO3D Atlas, one that will eliminate many optical artifacts, as well as prepare the beam for any specific application, such as deep functional imaging.
The FEMTO3D Atlas software:
Find 3D scanning modes and other features on the Atlas Software product page.
The FEMTOSmart software:
for rodents
Head holder stands and head plates fix the rodent’s head in different positions, enabling precise measurements in the brain. Three types of head holders are available with different dimensions. For anesthetized rodents, we offer a heating pad coupled to a holder, or for behaving animals a stand that ensures access to jetballs, treadmills, or other devices. See more at Behavioral Studies.
Offering maximum flexible adjustment for positioning the head, this holder fixes the scull from one side. The head plate can be moved in three directions of the space and also along the bridge. It is offered for difficult to access parts such as eyes or auditory cortex, and anesthetized rodents.
Stabilized head holder is attached to the rodent’s head at two sides. It is ideal for craniotomy or other surgery where the head of the animal model has to be fixed. It can be coupled to the Gramophone.
Provided by
Technology Overview
This dinitro-indoline-masked form of glutamate releases the bioactive glutamate more rapidly than any other commercially available compound. It was developed for high-quantum yield requiring less irradiation for release, so its effective concentration is lower than other caging scaffolds. The caged compound exists as trifluoroacetic acid salted form (DNI-Glu*TFA) ensuring good solubility, stability and low hygroscopicity. DNI-Glu is a compound developed in-house, only available from Femtonics.
See more at Uncaging.
Endocannabinoid Signaling Mediates Local Dendritic Coordination between Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses.
Hai Yin Hu, Dennis L.H. Kruijssen, Cátia P. Frias, Balázs Rózsa, Casper C. Hoogenraad, Cell Reports (2019)
A compact holographic projector module for high-resolution 3D multi-site two-photon photostimulation.
Mary Ann Go, Max Mueller, Michael Lawrence Castañares, Veronica Egger, Vincent R. Daria, PLOS One (2019)
Coincidence Detection within the Excitable Rat Olfactory Bulb Granule Cell Spines.
S. Sara Aghvami, Max Müller, Babak N. Araabi and Veronica Egger, J. Neurosci. (2019)
Voltage Gated Calcium Channel Activation by Backpropagating Action Potentials Downregulates NMDAR Function
Anne-Kathrin Theis, Balázs Rózsa, Gergely Katona, Dietmar Schmitz and Friedrich W. Johenning, Front. Cell. Neurosci. (2018)
High efficiency two-photon uncaging coupled by the correction of spontaneous hydrolysis.
Dénes Pálfi, Balázs Chiovini, Gergely Szalay, Attila Kaszás, Gergely F. Turi, Gergely Katona, Péter Ábrányi-Balogh, Milán Szőri, Attila Potor, Orsolya Frigyesi, Csilla Lukácsné Haveland, Zoltán Szadai, Miklós Madarász, Anikó Vasanits-Zsigrai, Ibolya Molnár-Perl, Béla Viskolcz, Imre G. Csizmadia, Zoltán Mucsi and Balázs Rózsa, Org. Biomol. Chem. (2018)
Super-Resolution Imaging of the Extracellular Space in Living Brain Tissue
Jan Tønnesen, V.V.G. Krishna Inavalli, U. Valentin Nägerl, Cell (2018)
Imaging membrane potential changes from dendritic spines using computer-generated holography.
Dimitrii Tanese, Ju-Yun Weng, Valeria Zampini, Vincent de-Sars, Marco Canepari, Balazs J. Rozsa, Valentina Emiliani, Dejan Zecevic, Neurophotonics (2017)
Cell-type–specific inhibition of the dendritic plateau potential in striatal spiny projection neurons.
Kai Du, Yu-Wei Wu, Robert Lindroos, Yu Liu, Balázs Rózsa, Gergely Katona, Jun B. Ding, and Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski, PNAS (2017)
Electrical behaviour of dendritic spines as revealed by voltage imaging.
Marko A. Popovic, Nicholas Carnevale, Balazs Rozsa; Dejan Zecevic, Nature Communications (2015)
Local Postsynaptic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Activation in Dendritic Spines of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells.
Wolfgang G. Bywalez, Dinu Patirniche, Vanessa Rupprecht, Martin Stemmler, Andreas;V.M. Herz, Denes Palfi, Balazs Rozsa, Veronica Egger, Neuron (2015)
Quantitation of various indolinyl caged glutamates as their o-phthalaldehyde derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem spectroscopic detections: derivatization, stoichiometry and stability studies.
Vasanits-Zsigrai A, Majercsik O, Toth G, Csampai A, Haveland-Lukacs C, Palfi D, Szadai Z, Rozsa B, Molnar-Perl I, J Chromatogr A. (2015)
Dendritic spikes induce ripples in parvalbumin interneurons during hippocampal sharp waves.
B Chiovini, G F Turi, G Katona, A Kaszas, D Palfi, P Maak, G Szalay, M F Szabo, Z Szadai, Sz Kali and B Rozsa, Neuron (2014)
Provided by
Technology Overview
Femtonics Chemistry designs and develops new caged neurotransmitters for frontier neuroscience research. The two main products are a glutamate derivative and a GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid) derivative. These dinitro-indoline-masked forms of glutamate and GABA release the bioactive forms of the two neurotransmitters more rapidly than other, commercially available versions of these compounds. They were developed to have high-quantum yield, requiring less irradiation for release, so their effective concentrations are lower than that of other caging scaffolds. DNI-Glu and iDMPO-DNI-GABA are compounds developed in-house, only available from Femtonics; in addition, iDMPO-DNI-GABA is the only commercially available caged GABA compound.
Molecular structure and function of the glycine receptor chloride channel.
Lynch, J. W., Physiological Reviews (2004)
Provided by
Technology Overview
Femtonics Chemistry designs and develops new caged neurotransmitters for frontier neuroscience research. The two main products are a glutamate derivative and a GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid) derivative. These dinitro-indoline-masked forms of glutamate and GABA release the bioactive forms of the two neurotransmitters more rapidly than other, commercially available versions of these compounds. They were developed to have high-quantum yield, requiring less irradiation for release, so their effective concentrations are lower than that of other caging scaffolds. DNI-Glu and iDMPO-DNI-GABA are compounds developed in-house, only available from Femtonics; in addition, iDMPO-DNI-GABA is the only commercially available caged GABA compound.
Stereotyped initiation of retinal waves by bipolar cells via presynaptic NMDA autoreceptors.
Zhang, R. W. et al. Nat. Commun. (2016)
New caged neurotransmitter analogs selective for glutamate receptor sub-types based on methoxynitroindoline and nitrophenylethoxycarbonyl caging groups.
Palma-Cerda, F. et al. Neuropharmacology (2012)
Provided by
Technology Overview
Femtonics Chemistry designs and develops new caged neurotransmitters for frontier neuroscience research. The two main products are a glutamate derivative and a GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid) derivative. These dinitro-indoline-masked forms of glutamate and GABA release the bioactive forms of the two neurotransmitters more rapidly than other, commercially available versions of these compounds. They were developed to have high-quantum yield, requiring less irradiation for release, so their effective concentrations are lower than that of other caging scaffolds. DNI-Glu and iDMPO-DNI-GABA are compounds developed in-house, only available from Femtonics; in addition, iDMPO-DNI-GABA is the only commercially available caged GABA compound.
Synthesis and characterization of 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl-D-aspartate, a caged compound for selective activation of glutamate transporters and N-MthD.-aspartate receptors in brain tissue.
Huang, Y. H. et al. Biochemistry (2005)
Provided by
Technology Overview
Femtonics Chemistry designs and develops new caged neurotransmitters for frontier neuroscience research. The two main products are a glutamate derivative and a GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid) derivative. These dinitro-indoline-masked forms of glutamate and GABA release the bioactive forms of the two neurotransmitters more rapidly than other, commercially available versions of these compounds. They were developed to have high-quantum yield, requiring less irradiation for release, so their effective concentrations are lower than that of other caging scaffolds. DNI-Glu and iDMPO-DNI-GABA are compounds developed in-house, only available from Femtonics; in addition, iDMPO-DNI-GABA is the only commercially available caged GABA compound.
Theoretical Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Neurobiological Applications of a Highly Efficient Two-Photon Caged GABA Validated on an Epileptic Case.
Chiovini, B. et al. ACS Omega (2021)
Disruption of centrifugal inhibition to olfactory bulb granule cells impairs olfactory discrimination.
Nunez-Parra, A. et al. PLoS One (2013)
Presynaptic miniature GABAergic currents in developing interneurons.
Trigo, F. F. et al. Neuron (2010)
Laser photolysis of DPNI-GABA, a tool for investigating the properties and distribution of GABA receptors and for silencing neurons in situ.
Trigo, F. F. et al. J.Neurosci.Meths. (2009)
GABA and GABA receptors in the central nervous system and other organs.
Watanabe, M. et al. Int. Rev. Cytol. (2002)
Provided by
Technology Overview
As the second most common transition metal in the body, the detection of Zn2+ is a necessity in many fields of applications. It has been related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, or to important viral strains, such as the SARS-Cov-2. Therefore, we have developed three brand new fluorescent Zn2+ sensors, which have the capacity for spatial and temporal monitoring, which has not been the case with previous methods. These are sensors for one and two-photon microscopy, which are the two most available, sensitive and inexpensive methods for Zn2+ monitoring, with the aid of the high solubility, high fluorescens and optimal selectivity.
Two-photon fluorescent chemosensors based on the GFP-chromophore for the detection of Zn2+ in biological samples – From design to application
A. Csomos, E. Kovács, M. Madarász, F. Zs. Fedor, A. Fülöp, G. Katona, B. Rózsa, Z. Mucsi, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (2023)
Provided by
Technology Overview
As the second most common transition metal in the body, the detection of Zn2+ is a necessity in many fields of applications. It has been related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, or to important viral strains, such as the SARS-Cov-2. Therefore, we have developed three brand new fluorescent Zn2+ sensors, which have the capacity for spatial and temporal monitoring, which has not been the case with previous methods. These are sensors for one and two-photon microscopy, which are the two most available, sensitive and inexpensive methods for Zn2+ monitoring, with the aid of the high solubility, high fluorescens and optimal selectivity.
Two-photon fluorescent chemosensors based on the GFP-chromophore for the detection of Zn2+ in biological samples – From design to application
A. Csomos, E. Kovács, M. Madarász, F. Zs. Fedor, A. Fülöp, G. Katona, B. Rózsa, Z. Mucsi, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (2023)
Provided by
Technology Overview
As the second most common transition metal in the body, the detection of Zn2+ is a necessity in many fields of applications. It has been related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, or to important viral strains, such as the SARS-Cov-2. Therefore, we have developed three brand new fluorescent Zn2+ sensors, which have the capacity for spatial and temporal monitoring, which has not been the case with previous methods. These are sensors for one and two-photon microscopy, which are the two most available, sensitive and inexpensive methods for Zn2+ monitoring, with the aid of the high solubility, high fluorescens and optimal selectivity.
Two-photon fluorescent chemosensors based on the GFP-chromophore for the detection of Zn2+ in biological samples – From design to application
A. Csomos, E. Kovács, M. Madarász, F. Zs. Fedor, A. Fülöp, G. Katona, B. Rózsa, Z. Mucsi, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (2023)
This dinitro-indoline-masked form of glutamate releases the bioactive glutamate more rapidly than any other commercially available compound. It was developed for high-quantum yield requiring less irradiation for release, so its effective concentration is lower than other caging scaffolds. The caged compound exists as trifluoroacetic acid salted form (DNI-Glu*TFA) ensuring good solubility, stability and low hygroscopicity. DNI-Glu is a compound developed in-house, only available from Femtonics.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur, adipisicing elit. Tenetur deleniti architecto, optio quibusdam cum, rerum, beatae molestiae eos saepe perspiciatis quos voluptates ad. Fugiat ducimus dignissimos non, illo eligendi esse?
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur, adipisicing elit. Tenetur deleniti architecto, optio quibusdam cum, rerum, beatae molestiae eos saepe perspiciatis quos voluptates ad. Fugiat ducimus dignissimos non, illo eligendi esse?
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur, adipisicing elit. Tenetur deleniti architecto, optio quibusdam cum, rerum, beatae molestiae eos saepe perspiciatis quos voluptates ad. Fugiat ducimus dignissimos non, illo eligendi esse?
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All of our knowledge and results of acousto-optic technology have been poured into our new product, the Femto3D Atlas which has become the peak of the evolution of Femtonics acousto-optic microscopes. Atlas combines an intoxicating blend of high-tech science, engineering, refinement in 3D measurements. Using Atlas, researchers are capable of scanning neuronal, dendritic, and other neuropil activities in 3D about one million times faster compared to classical scanning methods with preserved two-photon resolution thanks to a unique acousto-optical scanner and the superior optical design. Combining its unique fast 3D imaging feature with the property that it implements and goes beyond the traditional galvo and resonant scanner-based microscope imaging functions, Atlas provides an all-in-one solution into the scientists’ hand.
The FemtoSmart series is the next step in classical two-photon microscopy at Femtonics, fully customizable two-photon microscopes. Their special feature is the elevated body which can move in X, Y, and Z directions, providing ample room under the objective for optimal positioning of your sample. This feature makes them suitable for model organisms ranging from zebra fish larvae, through mice navigating in virtual reality to even non-human primates. The microscope’s modular nature allows us to assemble the components, and recombine and upgrade the system to perfectly fit the customer’s needs. FemtoSmart product line contains galvo and/or resonant scanner-based systems which can be equipped with a lot of optional modules enabling it to be adapted to a wide range of biological applications, such as optogenetics, uncaging and dendritic imaging.