Atlas combines an intoxicating blend of high-tech science, engineering, refinement in 3D measurements.
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
- 3D imaging extension for any existing microscopes and individual system
- Simultaneous read out of neural activity on both the somatic and dendritic scales
- Increased measurement speed and signal-to-noise ratio by several orders of magnitude
- 3D Network imaging of over 2000 soma distributed in 3D
- Imaging of dendritic branches through layers
- Simultaneous imaging of over thousands of spines
- Unique, flexible scanning methods supporting in vivo and in vitro measurements
- In vivo 3D motion correction by specialized scanning patterns
- High-speed 3D random-access ROI scanning: scanning speed up to 30 kHz to any points in 3D
- High-speed raster scanning: 40 fps at 510×510, and even 3000 fps at reduced FOV
- Improved excitation efficiency for large 3D scanning volume with GECIs
- Automatic wavelength tuning between 750 – 1050 nm
- Functional imaging correlated with electrophysiological data
- Calcium imaging during behavior
- 3D random-access photo stimulation for optogenetics
Femto
Smart
The FEMTOSmart series is the next step in classical two-photon microscopy at Femtonics, fully customizable two-photon microscopes.
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
- Elevated, column-based body
- XYZ positioning
- Tilting objective
- High level of modularity
- Galvanometric, resonant, or both scanning possibilities
- Galvo Scanner, focusing on regions-of-interest
- Resonant Scanner, fast frame and volume scanning
- Dual Scanner, all advantages of Galvo and Resonant microscopes
- Travelling detector system
- For in vivo studies
- Field upgradability
- Patented imaging technologies
- Flexible scanning methods
- Maximal photon collection
3P RANGE MICROSCOPY
for three-photon excitation
Technology Overview
The three-photon (3P) microscopy allows noninvasive functional imaging of the deeper tissues with higher axial resolution compared to the two-photon excitation. 3P excitation is performed at longer excitation wavelengths which are scattered less in the biological tissues. (See more at 3P imaging) This allows extending the penetration depth, reduces out-of-focus excitation, and increases the SNR.
The 3P range microscopy kit contains:
- Coherent Monaco pump laser and Opera-F optical parametric amplifier system
- High quality optical elements optimized transmission between 1,200-1,700 nm
- Full optical engineering
Features
- Excitation wavelength range:1,200-1,700 nm
- XY resolution is diffraction limited (less than 1 µm, wavelength dependent), Z resolution ~ 2 µm (sample and wavelength dependent)
-
Excites fluorophores with 3P excitation phenomenon. 3P wavelength range corresponds to the regular (1P) excitation wavelength range, from blue to red
- Less tissue damage compared to 2P excitation
Benefits
- Third Harmonic Generation (THG) option available
- Functional imaging through the whole cortical depth
FLIM EXTENSION
for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Technology Overview
Time correlated single photon counting and the derived fluorescence lifetime imaging measures the time delay between each emitted photon and the laser pulse eliciting it. This time is not affected by fluorophore concentration and excitation intensity fluctuations, however provides intimate information about molecular interactions and dynamics. See more: Applications – FLIM.
Features
- High efficiency hybrid GaAsP PMTs for photon counting
- No afterpulsing
- Up to two photon counting wavelength channels
- Non-descanned design for high photon collection rate
- Minimized optical path length by travelling detector system
- Sub-picosecond temporal resolution
- Parallel conventional integrating and photon counting modes
Benefits
- Absolute ion concentration measurement
- Characterization of bio-physical properties
Related Publications:
Fluorescence lifetime imaging reveals regulation of presynaptic Ca2+ by glutamate uptake and mGluRs, but not somatic voltage in cortical neurons. Olga Tyurikova, Kaiyu Zheng, Elizabeth Nicholson, Yulia Timofeeva, Alexey Semyanov, Kirill Volynski, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Journal of Neurochemistry (2020)
Local Resting Ca2+ Controls the Scale of Astroglial Ca2+ Signals. Claire M. King, Kirsten Bohmbach, Daniel Minge, Andrea Delekate, Kaiyu Zheng, James Reynolds, Cordula Rakers, Andre Zeug, Gabor C. Petzold, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Christian Henneberger, Cell Reports (2020)
Multiplex imaging relates quantal glutamate release to presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis at multiple synapses in situ. Thomas P. Jensen, Kaiyu Zheng, Nicholas Cole, Jonathan S. Marvin, Loren L. Looger, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Nature Communications (2019)
Polymer microchamber arrays for geometry-controlled drug release: a functional study in human cells of neuronal phenotype. Olga Kopach, Kayiu Zheng, Olga A. Sindeeva, Meiyu Gai, Gleb B. Sukhorukov, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Biomaterials Science (2019)
Glutamate Imaging Reveals Multiple Sites of Stochastic Release in the CA3 Giant Mossy Fiber Boutons. Sylvain Rama, Thomas P. Jensen, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Front. Cell. Neurosci. (2019)
A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for in vivo imaging of GABA. Jonathan S. Marvin, Yoshiteru Shimoda, Vincent Magloire, Marco Leite, Takashi Kawashima, Thomas P. Jensen, Ilya Kolb, Erika L. Knott, Ondrej Novak, Kaspar Podgorski, Nancy J. Leidenheimer, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Misha B. Ahrens, Dimitri M. Kullmann & Loren L. Looger, Nature Methods (2019)
Monitoring intracellular nanomolar calcium using fluorescence lifetime imaging. Kaiyu Zheng, Thomas P Jensen & Dmitri A Rusakov, Nature Protocols (2018)
Monitoring single-synapse glutamate release and presynaptic calcium concentration in organised brain tissue. Jensen TP, Zheng K, Tyurikova O, Reynolds JP, Rusakov DA, Cell Calcium (2017)
Time-Resolved Imaging Reveals Heterogeneous Landscapes of Nanomolar Ca2+ in Neurons and Astroglia. Kaiyu Zheng, Lucie Bard, James P. Reynolds, Claire King, Thomas P. Jensen, Alexander V. Gourine, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Neuron (2015)
IN VITRO EXTENSION KIT
for cultured cells or acute brain slices
Technology Overview
Imaging acute brain slices or cultured cells and tissues enables the user to study cells in a controlled environment, outside of a living organism. Gradient contrast illumination eases camera guided patch-clamping while transmitted fluorescence detectors enhance signal collection and SNR.
Features:
- Transmission Köhler illumination with a high-power IR LED (850nm)
- High NA condenser (dry or oil immersion options)
- Visible light detection (Fluorescence, SHG, THG, CARS, etc): efficient, large aperture light collecting optics with visible detection ports between 400-690 nm, a maximum of 2 visible light detectors (options: GaAsP, gated GaAsP, multialkali PMT or hybrid detectors for FLIM), and a manually exchangeable filter cube
- Transmission infrared detector with a TIR detection port between 720-1070 nm (options: biased silicon photodiode or multialkali PMT)
Benefits:
- An easily replaceable protective window with waterproof sealing safeguards the sensitive internal optics from leaking water and corrosive solutions during experiments
- Versatile mechanical solutions:
- Compatible with Femtonics microscopes (SMART with tiltable or normal objective arm, Platform), and with an LN stage
- The condenser, condenser holder or the whole module is removable prior to in vivo measurements, owing to the quick release adapter placed on the fix mount to the optical table
PIEZO OBJECTIVE POSITIONER KIT
for fast Z-stack and 3D imaging
Technology Overview
A Piezo objective positioner kit enables the microscope to change the focal point by mechanically moving the objective. With this module, the microscope is able to collect signals from different depths fast enough to resolve biological activity in 3D samples. We can equip most of our microscopes with two types of piezo: piezo specialized for large scanning volumes moves the objective in a 400 µm travel range with up to 30 Hz speed, and the faster one moves it in 100 µm volume with up to 100 Hz (the refresh rate depends on the scanning volume and the size of the objective).
Features
- Positions objectives in the Z direction with nm resolution
- Traveling range 100 or 400 µm (depends of the piezo’s type)
- Up to 100 Hz frequency in resonant mode
- Millisecond step-and-settle
- Any types of objectives can be attached
- No influence on the optical path
Benefits
- Femtonics microscopes containing galvo scanner equipped with piezo objective positioner and RollerCoaster software module support 3D trajectory scanning
- 3D trajectory scanning allows collecting signals from dendrites arbored in the 3D tissue and to resolve biological activity thanks to the high scanning speed
- Femtonics microscopes containing resonant or galvo scanners are able to image a 3D volume scanning
- 3D volume scanning enables you to reveal the activity of the neural network or other cell groups
- Fine positioning along the tilted axis when using tilting objective module
MOTORIZED TILTING OBJECTIVE UNIT
for free rotation of the objective
Technology Overview
The motorized tilting module rotates the objective, giving a higher level of freedom to reach the sample from different angles. The module also includes a Piezo objective positioner, ensuring additional movement of the objective in the Z direction.
Applications
Novel surgical methods utilizing grin lenses or miniature prisms allow optical investigation of deep structures within the brain. Implementing these technologies is greatly enhanced by our motorized tilting objective:
- aligning optical axis of the embedded optical elements is facilitated by the handwheel operated multi-axis positioning of the grin lens/Smart microscope,
- store and reuse optimal angles and positions when experimenting multiple times with the same animal,
- utilize the units high-precision movements to fine adjust position and alignment without actually touching the assembly,
- suitable for imaging lateral brain regions, even in non-human primates.
Features
- 180º rotation around the horizontal axis
- 100º rotation around the vertical axis
- Speed of rotation: 4º/sec
- Unidirectional repeatability: less than 0.02 mrad (~2 µm)
- Z movement with piezo objective positioner module: 400 µm
- Transmission over 80% (700-1100 or 900-1300 nm)
- Accepts both conventional and large back aperture objectives
- Green illumination module
- Maximum number of mounted detectors: 3
Benefits
- Flexible objective positioning with high precision
- Highly stable in all positions
- Fast z-stack acquisition also from tilted position
- Close coupled detectors
- Useful for in vivo experiments, intravital imaging, and deep brain imaging in rodents or even non-human primates
EPIFLUORESCENT UNIT
for multicolor full-field illumination
Technology Overview
Wavelength-specific full-field excitation is performed by powerful LED light sources built in a rotating unit above the objective. Fluorescent imaging can be achieved with a wide variety of scientific cameras.
Features
- LEDs for customizable wavelengths (430, 450, 480, 530, 590 nm, others on special request)
- Wavelength-specific filters for excitation of narrow ranges
- Additional emission filters for blocking the reflected light and filtering the emission spectra
- Up to 5 sets of exchangeable filter cubes
- 100 µm penetration depth
- Detection by CMOS camera
- Software controlled operation
- Installed into the light path above the objective
- PMT protection during the stimulation by built-in gating system
Benefits
- Homogenous excitation of the entire FOV in 100 µm depth
- Excitation specified for GFP, YFP, RFP, mCherry, etc.
- Cleared emission for bright signals
GREEN ILLUMINATION
for vessel pattern visualization
Technology Overview
Green illumination from an LED light source allows high-contrast visualization of blood vessels, taking advantage of that the highly concentrated heme content of the red blood cells is excitable in the spectral region of 300-650 nm. Using green illumination helps to navigate on the surface of any organs under in vivo conditions and position a patch pipette for bulk loading or patch clamping.
Features
- Excitation wavelength at 510-540 nm
- ~100 µm penetration depth
- 3 sec switching time between camera and two-photon modes
- Detection by CMOS camera
- Adjustable brightness, contrast and gamma parameters
- Software controlled operation
- Equipped on the objective arm
- Built-in PMT protection during operation
Benefits
- High-contrast visualization
- Precise overlap in XYZ between camera and two-photon recorded field of view
- Locate your chronic imaging spot within the craniotomy
BRIDGE STRUCTURE
for coarse Z movement
Technology Overview
The Bridge structure is a lifting apparatus for FemtoSmart which can replace the foot. It provides extreme freedom in positioning of the body and an increased space under the objective.
Features
- Moving range: 50 cm
- Coarse Z adjustment: 1 mm
- Distance between the foot and the objective: 880 mm
Benefits
- Very large space for the sample or accessories
- High-range mobility
- Locate your chronic imaging spot within the craniotomy
MULTIPLE BEAM PATH
for uncaging and optogenetics
Technology Overview
The optomechanical design of the light path enables us to direct more beams into the microscope, utilizing the same light path. We offer secondary, fine-tuned laser sources for a wide range of biophotonics applications. See more: Optogenetics, Uncaging.
Features
- Additional IR or CW laser(s) coupled to the existing light path
- Lightpath can be optimized for three wavelength ranges (450-1100 or 700-1100 or 900-1300 nm)
- Full optical engineering
- Software controlled operation
Benefits
- Photostimulation with IR or visible light
- Flexible stimulation patterns supporting stimulation of selected regions
- Two-photon uncaging studies
- Visible light optogenetics:
- ChR2 activation with 473 nm laser
- NpHR activation with 561 nm laser
MES Measurement control and data analysis software
FEMTO3D Atlas works together with our measurement control and analysis software package called MES. MES is designed in MATLAB with day-to-day lab experiences in the field of cellular and network imaging. The latest version offers new scanning features and improved overall usability. Our developer team is collaborating with researchers from various fields to provide you with a software that makes experimental work efficient.
Key features
- Various ROI scanning and photostimulation methods with galvanometer and AO scanners
- Fast control and automation of measurements
- Real-time data display
- Efficient batch processing of measurement data
Measurement control
- MES is capable of performing all standard microscopy functions and it fully integrates the control of all hardware units in the microscope:
- galvanometer and AO scanners,
- camera handling,
- focusing,
- laser intensity, safety shutters,
- PMT gain and gating,
- auxiliary digital and analog channels to interface stimulators or electrophysiology,
- behavior control devices,
- sample stage and pipette manipulator devices.
AO scanning methods
MES supports coordinate selection and measurement control of various 3D pattern scanning technologies
- Multiple point scanning,
- Multiple line scanning/3D trajectory scanning,
- Multiple area scanning/chessboard scanning,
- Scanning various volume elements,
- Photostimulus patterns
- High-speed arbitrary frame scanning
Module packages
MES can be extended with modules offering various special measurement or analysis functions. We offer MES Premium module pack incorporating functions such as automatic cell selection in Z-stack, data capture automation, photostimulation mapping, and two-channel ratio imaging analysis calculations and more. Ask our experts for more details.
Data access
MES stores data in files based on MATLAB format incorporating all metadata. Besides using MES’ built in analysis features, users can freely access content from the MATLAB IDE as we provide reference to the access functions.
Download
MES has now two development branches separately for galvo and AO high speed recording requirements:
- MES 6.5 supports galvo-based microscopes
- MES 7.3 supports uniquely AO systems with optional module for High-speed arbitrary frame scanning
Minimum system requirements
- 64-bit Windows 10
- MES 6.5: MATLAB R2007b-R2018b
- MES 7.3: MATLAB R2018a-R2018b (Matlab R2019a-R2020a is partially tested.)
Have you heard about Mesmerize?
For the annotation, downstream analysis and curation of calcium imaging data recorded by Femtonics microscopes, we highly recommend the Mesmerize package written by Kushal Kolar from the Chatzigeorgiou Lab.
MESc Measurement control and data analysis software
The FemtoSmart microscope family is driven by the MESc measurement control and data analysis software. MESc is under active development for performing cellular and network imaging measurements supporting more and more features and Femtonics hardware.
Key features
- Measurement configuration and control
- Live data display and processing
- Efficient data streaming to disk in HDF5 format
- Data exporting into standard file formats
- Convenient and fast measurement display and data processing
- Remote control through the MESc Application Programming Interface
New MESc features
- Dual scanning: resonant-scanner-based imaging with simultaneous galvanometric scanner based photostimulation
- Coming soon: FEMTO Application Programming Interface (API) for no-limit custom data processing and measurement control
Measurement control
- Integrated control of all hardware units: focusing, resonant and galvo scanners, PMTs, Pockels cells, light path actuators, auxiliary digital and analog channels, pipette manipulators, XY(Z) stages, etc.
- Live preview mode with on-the-fly measurement parameter adjustment
- Real-time measurement data display with live analysis functions
- Digital lab-book philosophy: entire measurement series with different types of measurements can be saved into one HDF5 file, including per-measurement metadata
- Unlimited measurement time, unlimited video streaming to the hard drive
- Pervasive auto-save and rescue
Data analysis
- Composite display of color-coded multi-channel data
- Polygonal and rectangular ROIs for intensity change calculations
- Recorded imaging data exportable to common image and video formats
- Electrical recordings exportable to common spreadsheet software
FEMTO-API Application Programming Interface
Programming Femtonics microscopes
The FEMTO-API is a set of clearly defined instructions that can be given to MESc from various software systems like MATLAB or Python. It lets the experimenter perform data analysis with external tools and control measurements with a freely designable protocol.
DOWNLOAD:
Minimum system requirements
- CPU: Any 64-bit capable Intel® or AMD® CPU
- RAM: At least 4 GB
- Disk space: At least 100 GB free disk space is needed on the temporary drive for safe operation.
- Display: At least HD resolution (1280×720 pixels)
- Operating system: Microsoft® Windows® 10 64-bit
HEAD HOLDERS
for rodents
Technology Overview
Head holder stands and head plates fix the rodent’s head in different positions, enabling precise measurements in the brain. Three types of head holders are available with different dimensions. For anesthetized rodents, we offer a heating pad coupled to a holder, or for behaving animals a stand that ensures access to jetballs, treadmills, or other devices. See more at Behavioral Studies.
Flexible head holder
Flexible head holderOffering maximum flexible adjustment for positioning the head, this holder fixes the scull from one side. The head plate can be moved in three directions of the space and also along the bridge. It is offered for difficult to access parts such as eyes or auditory cortex, and anesthetized rodents.
Stabilized head holder
Stabilized head holderStabilized head holder is attached to the rodent’s head at two sides. It is ideal for craniotomy or other surgery where the head of the animal model has to be fixed. It can be coupled to the Gramophone.
GRAMOPHONE
for behavioral studies
Technology Overview
Gramophone is a single-dimension locomotion tracking device. It allows a head restrained mouse to run on the disk and to respond to visual or other stimuli. The speed and the direction of the running are registered by software-controlled manner. It can be used for high-accuracy velocity recording in conjunction with a two-photon microscope, or as a control interface for behavioral training in a virtual linear maze. The behavior response and the two-photon Ca2+ signals can be recorded simultaneously and aligned with each other.
Features
- 14400 counts/rotation angular resolution
- Up to 500 Hz sampling frequency
- Robust and durable construction
- Easily removable and cleanable running surface
- Easily adjustable head fixation for in vivo imaging and electrophysiology
- Programmable inputs and outputs
- Open-source Python 3 software for recording locomotion and conditioning mice
Benefits
- Flexible usability: mobile, compact system for behavioral training, locomotion measurements, microscopic imaging, electrophysiological studies, etc.
- Easily integratible to your own system
- Custom mazes and behavior rules can be designed easily
- Built-in image patterns
- Velocity and movement detection
- The system can handle two monitors simultaneously, providing a corridor-like arrangement
- Stabilized head holder keeps the skull stable during movement
DNI-GLU-TFA
Technology Overview
This dinitro-indoline-masked form of glutamate releases the bioactive glutamate more rapidly than any other commercially available compound. It was developed for high-quantum yield requiring less irradiation for release, so its effective concentration is lower than other caging scaffolds. The caged compound exists as trifluoroacetic acid salted form (DNI-Glu*TFA) ensuring good solubility, stability and low hygroscopicity. DNI-Glu is a compound developed in-house, only available from Femtonics.
See more at Uncaging.
Features
- Photostimulation with two-photon laser
- High quantum-yield
- Effective at low concentration
- Seven-fold higher quantum yield than any other caged form
- Stable and soluble
- Primarily used for in vitro experiments
Benefits
- High excitatory postsynaptic potential and high Ca2+ transient as a response to the photo release
- Less illumination is sufficient to elicit the same response as with alternative compounds
- Elicits large transients or regenerative activity
- Applicable for receptor mapping experiments
References
Endocannabinoid Signaling Mediates Local Dendritic Coordination between Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses.
Hai Yin Hu, Dennis L.H. Kruijssen, Cátia P. Frias, Balázs Rózsa, Casper C. Hoogenraad, Cell Reports (2019)
A compact holographic projector module for high-resolution 3D multi-site two-photon photostimulation.
Mary Ann Go, Max Mueller, Michael Lawrence Castañares, Veronica Egger, Vincent R. Daria, PLOS One (2019)
Coincidence Detection within the Excitable Rat Olfactory Bulb Granule Cell Spines.
S. Sara Aghvami, Max Müller, Babak N. Araabi and Veronica Egger, J. Neurosci. (2019)
Voltage Gated Calcium Channel Activation by Backpropagating Action Potentials Downregulates NMDAR Function
Anne-Kathrin Theis, Balázs Rózsa, Gergely Katona, Dietmar Schmitz and Friedrich W. Johenning, Front. Cell. Neurosci. (2018)
High efficiency two-photon uncaging coupled by the correction of spontaneous hydrolysis.
Dénes Pálfi, Balázs Chiovini, Gergely Szalay, Attila Kaszás, Gergely F. Turi, Gergely Katona, Péter Ábrányi-Balogh, Milán Szőri, Attila Potor, Orsolya Frigyesi, Csilla Lukácsné Haveland, Zoltán Szadai, Miklós Madarász, Anikó Vasanits-Zsigrai, Ibolya Molnár-Perl, Béla Viskolcz, Imre G. Csizmadia, Zoltán Mucsi and Balázs Rózsa, Org. Biomol. Chem. (2018)
Super-Resolution Imaging of the Extracellular Space in Living Brain Tissue
Jan Tønnesen, V.V.G. Krishna Inavalli, U. Valentin Nägerl, Cell (2018)
Imaging membrane potential changes from dendritic spines using computer-generated holography.
Dimitrii Tanese, Ju-Yun Weng, Valeria Zampini, Vincent de-Sars, Marco Canepari, Balazs J. Rozsa, Valentina Emiliani, Dejan Zecevic, Neurophotonics (2017)
Cell-type–specific inhibition of the dendritic plateau potential in striatal spiny projection neurons.
Kai Du, Yu-Wei Wu, Robert Lindroos, Yu Liu, Balázs Rózsa, Gergely Katona, Jun B. Ding, and Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski, PNAS (2017)
Electrical behaviour of dendritic spines as revealed by voltage imaging.
Marko A. Popovic, Nicholas Carnevale, Balazs Rozsa; Dejan Zecevic, Nature Communications (2015)
Local Postsynaptic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Activation in Dendritic Spines of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells.
Wolfgang G. Bywalez, Dinu Patirniche, Vanessa Rupprecht, Martin Stemmler, Andreas;V.M. Herz, Denes Palfi, Balazs Rozsa, Veronica Egger, Neuron (2015)
Quantitation of various indolinyl caged glutamates as their o-phthalaldehyde derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem spectroscopic detections: derivatization, stoichiometry and stability studies.
Vasanits-Zsigrai A, Majercsik O, Toth G, Csampai A, Haveland-Lukacs C, Palfi D, Szadai Z, Rozsa B, Molnar-Perl I, J Chromatogr A. (2015)
Dendritic spikes induce ripples in parvalbumin interneurons during hippocampal sharp waves.
B Chiovini, G F Turi, G Katona, A Kaszas, D Palfi, P Maak, G Szalay, M F Szabo, Z Szadai, Sz Kali and B Rozsa, Neuron (2014)
Introduction
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Solution
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EXTREMELY LARG SPACE UNDER THE OBJECTIVE FEMTO SMART MICROSCOPES
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FEMTONICS GRAMOPHONE
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Femto3d
Atlas
All of our knowledge and results of acousto-optic technology have been poured into our new product, the Femto3D Atlas which has become the peak of the evolution of Femtonics acousto-optic microscopes. Atlas combines an intoxicating blend of high-tech science, engineering, refinement in 3D measurements. Using Atlas, researchers are capable of scanning neuronal, dendritic, and other neuropil activities in 3D about one million times faster compared to classical scanning methods with preserved two-photon resolution thanks to a unique acousto-optical scanner and the superior optical design. Combining its unique fast 3D imaging feature with the property that it implements and goes beyond the traditional galvo and resonant scanner-based microscope imaging functions, Atlas provides an all-in-one solution into the scientists’ hand.
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
- 3D imaging extension for any existing microscopes and individual system
- Simultaneous read out of neural activity on both the somatic and dendritic scales
- Increased measurement speed and signal-to-noise ratio by several orders of magnitude
- 3D Network imaging of over 2000 soma distributed in 3D
- Imaging of dendritic branches through layers
- Simultaneous imaging of over thousands of spines
- Unique, flexible scanning methods supporting in vivo and in vitro measurements
- In vivo 3D motion correction by specialized scanning patterns
- High-speed 3D random-access ROI scanning: scanning speed up to 30 kHz to any points in 3D
- High-speed raster scanning: 40 fps at 510x510, and even 3000 fps at reduced FOV
- Improved excitation efficiency for large 3D scanning volume with GECIs
- Automatic wavelength tuning between 750 - 1050 nm
- Functional imaging correlated with electrophysiological data
- Calcium imaging during behavior
- 3D random-access photo stimulation for optogenetics
Femto
Smart
The FemtoSmart series is the next step in classical two-photon microscopy at Femtonics, fully customizable two-photon microscopes. Their special feature is the elevated body which can move in X, Y, and Z directions, providing ample room under the objective for optimal positioning of your sample. This feature makes them suitable for model organisms ranging from zebra fish larvae, through mice navigating in virtual reality to even non-human primates. The microscope’s modular nature allows us to assemble the components, and recombine and upgrade the system to perfectly fit the customer’s needs. FemtoSmart product line contains galvo and/or resonant scanner-based systems which can be equipped with a lot of optional modules enabling it to be adapted to a wide range of biological applications, such as optogenetics, uncaging and dendritic imaging.
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
- Elevated, column-based body
- XYZ positioning
- Tilting objective
- High level of modularity
- Galvanometric, resonant, or both scanning possibilities
- Galvo Scanner, focusing on regions-of-interest
- Resonant Scanner, fast frame and volume scanning
- Dual Scanner, all advantages of Galvo and Resonant microscopes
- Travelling detector system
- For in vivo studies
- Field upgradability
- Patented imaging technologies
- Flexible scanning methods
- Maximal photon collection